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Ulcer, a lesion or sore on the skin or mucous membrane resulting from the gradual disintegration of surface epithelial tissue. An ulcer may be superficial, or it may extend into the deeper layer of the skin or other underlying tissue. An ulcer has a depressed floor or crater surrounded by sharply defined edges that are sometimes elevated above the level of the adjoining surface. The main symptom of an ulcer is pain.

The main causes of ulcers are infection, faulty blood circulation, nerve damage, trauma, nutritional disturbances including thiamine or other vitamin deficiencies, and cancer. Such bacterial infections as tuberculosis or syphilis can cause ulcers on any surface of the body. Any infection under the skin, such as a boil or carbuncle, may break through the surface and form an inflammatory ulcer. The ulcers on the legs of persons with varicose veins are caused by the slow circulation of the blood in the skin. Diabetics may sustain ulcers on their feet or toes after losing sensation in those areas due to nervous-system damage. A bedsore, or decubitus ulcer, typically occurs on the skin of the back in immobilized or bedridden persons. A peptic ulcer is an ulcer that occurs in the stomach or the first segment of the duodenum, parts of the intestinal tract that are bathed by gastric juice. Ulcers can also result from burns, electric burns, and frostbite.

When an ulcer of the skin does not heal or is hard to the touch, the possibility of cancer must be considered. The probability of cancer is increased if the patient is past middle age. Ulcers on the border of the lower lip in elderly men are frequently cancers. Such cancers must be recognized and treated early before they spread and become inoperable. By contrast, superficial ulcers on the lips, known as cold sores, are caused by a virus and are not serious. Ulcers in the mouth and throat are frequently caused by infection but are sometimes cancerous, especially in older persons. Cancerous ulcers may also occur in the stomach, small or large intestine, and rectum.

Cat. No.	Product Name	CAS No.	Information
H6615	PH-46A N-Methyl-D-Glucamine salt	1380445-04-4	A potent, first-in-class, oral small-molecule agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
H6614	PH-46A	1421332-97-9	A potent, first-in-class, oral small-molecule agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
H5462	UK-371804	256477-09-5	UK-371804 is a potent and selective inhibitor of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) with Ki of 10 nM; displays excellent selectivity profile (4000-fold versus tPA and 2700-fold versus plasmin); inhibits exogenous uPA in human chronic wound fluid with IC50 of 0.89 uM; penetrates into pig wounds and inhibits exogenous uPA activity with no adverse effect on wound healing parameters in wound model following topical delivery.
H4747	Tegoprazan	942195-55-3	A novel potent, highly selective, competitive and orally active inhibitor of gastric H+/K+-ATPase with IC50 of ranging 0.29-0.52 uM porcine, canine and human H+/K+-ATPases in vitro; displays no activity against canine kidney Na+/K+-ATPase (IC50>100 uM); potently inhibits histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in dogs and a complete inhibition at 1.0 mg/kg starting from 1 hr after administration, reverses the pentagastrin-induced acidified gastric pH to the neutral range at 1-3 mg/kg, immediately evoks a gastric phase III contraction of migrating motor complex (MMC) in pentagastrin-treated dogs.
H4746	TAK-438 free base	881681-00-1	A novel potent, oral potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) that potently inhibits H+,K+-ATPase with IC50 of 19 nM; completely inhibits basal and 2-deoxy-d-glucose-stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats (4mg/kg, p.o.); increases the pH of gastric perfusate to a higher value, and sustains longer than those of lansoprazole or SCH28080; a clinical candidate for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer, and other acid-related diseases.
H4745	TAK-438	1260141-27-2	A novel potent, potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) that inhibits H(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in porcine gastric microsomes with IC50 of 19 nM at pH 6.5; the inhibitory activity of TAK-438 is unaffected by ambient pH, but not SCH28080 and lansoprazole; completely inhibits basal and 2-deoxy-d-glucose-stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats at 4 mg/kg (as the free base) orally; a more potent and longer-lasting inhibitory action on gastric acid secretion than either lansoprazole or SCH28080.
H4743	Revaprazan hydrochloride	178307-42-1	Revaprazan (SB-641257;YH-1885) potent potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) that inhibits H+,K+-ATPase in a reversible and K+-competitive manner; reduces gastric acid secretion, also exerts anti-inflammatory action against Helicobacter pylori-induced COX-2 expression by inactivating Akt signaling.
H4742	Revaprazan	199463-33-7	Revaprazan (SB-641257;YH-1885) is a potent potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) that inhibits H+,K+-ATPase in a reversible and K+-competitive manner; reduces gastric acid secretion, also exerts anti-inflammatory action against Helicobacter pylori-induced COX-2 expression by inactivating Akt signaling.
H4740	Pantoprazole sodium hydrate	164579-32-2	A proton pump inhibitor that inhibits gastric acid secretion; works on gastric parietal cells to irreversibly inhibit (H+/K+)-ATPase function and suppress the production of gastric acid; inhibits autophagy and increases the toxicity of docetaxel in vitro and in vivo.
H4739	Pantoprazole sodium	138786-67-1	A proton pump inhibitor that inhibits gastric acid secretion; works on gastric parietal cells to irreversibly inhibit (H+/K+)-ATPase function and suppress the production of gastric acid; inhibits autophagy and increases the toxicity of docetaxel in vitro and in vivo.

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